View in E (upstream) direction. This section of the Colca Valley has been influenced by earthquakes, volcanic activity, and large landslides impounding the valley. Fine lake sediments alternate with coarser fluvial and rock avalanche deposits, and with various volcanic layers. Bank erosion by the Río Colca has led to further landslides such as the large and complex, slow-moving rock slide of Maca. The area has been declared a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2019.